Close Outlook.
Open the registry editor and browse to this key -
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\Identity\Identities
On the right side, find the subkey that has the Email address and rename the subkey on the left by adding OLD. The subject name should have google in the name, like this:
114948555308406919891_tp_google_imap_OAuth2
Restart Outlook. It should ask for the password.
I have tested this with Gmail, but I bet it works with any Modern Authentication process, such as Office 365.